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A penalty kick is a method of restarting play in association football, taken from 11 meters (approximately 12 yards) out from the goal, on the penalty mark. Penalty kicks are performed during normal play. They are awarded when a foul that is punishable by a direct free kick is committed within the offending player's own penalty area. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victorious after a drawn match; though similar in procedure, these are ''not'' penalty kicks and are governed by slightly different rules. In practice, penalties are converted to goals more often than not, even against world class goalkeepers. This means that penalty awards are often decisive, especially in low-scoring games. Missed penalty kicks are often demoralising to players because it is an easy opportunity to score. ==Procedure== The referee gives the ball to a player of the non-offending team. All players except the keeper and the opposing kick TAKER should be within the field of play, but outside the penalty area and at least 10 yards from and behind the penalty mark until the ball is kicked. The referee then instructs the goalkeeper to stand on the goal line between the post until the ball is kicked. Lateral movement by the keeper is allowed, but the goal keeper is not permitted to come off the goal line by stepping or lunging forward until the ball is in play. Meanwhile, the shooter places the ball on the penalty mark and prepares to strike the ball. The referee will then ask the goalkeeper if they are ready; if so, then blows the whistle which lets the shooter know they may kick the ball. The ball shall be kicked while it is stationary on the ground from the spot. To be in play, the ball shall move forward. Once the striker starts his/her approach toward the ball, he/she may not interrupt his/her movement. Failure to kick the ball as specified shall result in a re-kick. After the penalty is taken properly, the ball may be played by any other player except the one executed the penalty kick. The kicker may not play the ball again until it has been touched or played by another player on either team. If the ball touches the goalkeeper before passing between the goal posts, when a penalty kick is taken at or after the expiration of time, it does not nullify any goal. If necessary, play may be extended so that the penalty kick may be taken. The try ends when the ball goes out-of-bounds or the momentum of the ball is spent, the exception to this rule being that if time is added on for a late penalty, the try ends when the kicker replays the ball. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penalty kick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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